This layer defines who operates on the data and what capability exposes that operation, grouped into four capability domains, each generally following the Service (exposed capability) → Component (implementing system) ArchiMate pairing: • Data Management Enablers: Metadata Management, Data Publication, and Data Extraction/Transformation and Loading - the components that register, publish, and prepare the Semantic-layer assets for use. No internal relationships are drawn between them; they operate as parallel capabilities within the same domain. • Knowledge Discovery Enablers: Knowledge Discovery (service) is realised by Knowledge Discovery (component), which is itself fed by Vocabulary Hub. This is the capability that should be receiving/serving the Semantic layer's Vocabulary element - currently the only Application-layer component with an implied but undrawn tie back to a specific Semantic element. • Data Exchange Enablers: Data Exchange (service) realised by Data Exchange (component) - the generic transactional capability for moving data between parties. • Data Space Exchange: within the nested Dataspace Enablers grouping, Data Space Connector is fed by both Data Space Connector Provider and Data Space Connector Consumer (aggregation), and stands alongside Data Space Federation - together these represent the governed, multi-party exchange capability for data space participation. In short: this layer answers "which application capability manages or exposes each kind of data operation?" - it contains no wire-level detail, only the service/component-level operational logic.